Definition and Examples of Iteratives in English

Italian Modifying Suffixes Nomi Alterati

Sometimes an Italian noun can be modified to express a particular quality (large, small, pretty, ugly) without using a qualifying Italian adjective. These nouns are created by taking the root of the noun and adding a suffix such as -ino, -one, -etto, or -accio. Italian nouns formed this way are called i nomi alterati (altered, or modified, nouns). Italian grammarians refer to this type of suffix modification as alterazione (alteration). There are four types of nomi alterati: diminutivi (diminutives), accrescitivi (augmentatives), vezzeggiativi (pet names or terms of endearment), and peggiorativi or dispregiativi (pejoratives or derogatory terms). Most common Italian nouns can be modified, but keep in mind that the gender and number of the suffix must agree with the noun. Using Nomi Alterati How and when are modified Italian nouns used? Unlike, for example, choosing auxiliary verbs or forming plural adjectives, Italian speakers are never required to use nomi alterati. There are no hard and fast grammar rules for when its appropriate, in conversation or print, to use them. Rather, its a personal linguistic choice—some people use them frequently, and others tend to use adjectives instead. It also depends on the audience, the setting, and on the level of rapport between the parties. In certain situations, some modified Italian nouns would be inappropriate or out of context. But using a well-chosen nome alterato, pronounced with the right inflection and tone, can communicate volumes. In one sense, its analogous to humor—timing is everything. Alterati Diminutivi (Diminutives) A diminutivo usually conveys such meanings as: small, tiny. The following are examples of suffissi alterativi (alternate endings) used to form diminutivi (diminutives): -ino: mamma—mammina; minestra—minestrina; pensiero—pensierino; ragazzo—ragazzino-(i)cino (a variant of -ino): bastone—bastoncino; libro—libric(c)ino-olino (a variant of -ino): sasso—sassolino; topo—topolino; freddo—freddolino; magro—magrolino-etto: bacio—bacetto; camera—cameretta; casa—casetta; lupo—lupetto; basso—bassetto; piccolo—piccoletto. Frequently used concurrently with other suffixes: scarpa—scarpetta—scarpettina; secco—secchetto—secchettino-ello: albero—alberello; asino—asinello; paese—paesello; rondine—rondinella; cattivo—cattivello; povero—poverello-(i)cello (a variant of -ello): campo—campicello; informazione—informazioncella-erello (a variant of -ello): fatto—fatterello; fuoco—f(u)ocherello. Frequently used concurrently with other suffixes: storia—storiellaà ¢â‚¬â€storiellina; bucco—bucherello—bucherellino-icci(u)olo: asta—asticci(u)ola; festa—festicciola; porto—porticciolo; sometimes can also have a pejorative sense: donna—donnicci(u)ola-(u)olo: faccenda—faccenduola; montagna—montagnuola; poesia—poesiola-otto: contadino—contadinotto; pieno—pienotto; giovane—giovanotto; ragazzo—ragazzotto; basso—bassotto. The ending also refers to a juvenile animal: aquila—aquilotto; lepre—leprotto; passero—passerotto-iciattolo (considered a diminutive/pejorative combination): febbre—febbriciattolo; fiume—fiumiciattolo; libro—libriciattolo; mostro—mostriciattolo Alterati Accrescitivi (Augmentatives) An accrescitivo usually conveys such meanings as: large, big, grand. It is the opposite of a diminutive. The following are examples of suffissi alterativi (alternate endings) used to form accrescitivi (augmentatives): -one: febbre—febbrona (febbrone); libro—librone; pigro—pigrone; mano—manona (manone); ghiotto—ghiottone. Frequently used concurrently with other suffixes: uomo—omaccio—omaccione; pazzo—pazzerello—pazzerellone. Sometimes the intermediate term is not used in contemporary Italian: buono—bonaccione-acchione (has an ironic connotation): frate—fratacchione; volpe—volpacchione; furbo—furbacchione; matto—mattachione Alterati Vezzeggiativi (Pet Names or Terms of Endearment) A  vezzeggiativo  usually conveys such meanings  as:  affection, sympathy, enjoyment, grace. The following are examples of  suffissi alterativi  (alternate endings) used to form  vezzeggiativi  (pet names or terms of endearment): -acchiotto  (considered a diminutive/pet name combination): lupo—lupacchiotto; orso—orsacchiotto; volpe—volpacchiotto; furbo—furbacchiotto-uccio: avvocato—avvocatuccio; casa—casuccia; cavallo—cavalluccio; caldo—calduccio; freddo—fredduccio-uzzo  (a variant of -uccio): pietra—pietruzza Paolo, a native Italian speaker from Milano, gives an  example of how  vezzeggiativi  are used: I have a friend who calls me Paoletto. This doesnt sound very much like a man, of course, but its out of affection. More realistically, my brother calls me Paolone, Big Paolo. Alterati Peggiorativi (Pejoratives) A  peggiorativo  usually conveys such meanings as: contempt, defiance, disdain, scorn (for), disregard, self-contempt, self-disgust. The following are examples of  suffissi alterativi  (alternate endings) used to form  peggiorativi  (pejoratives): -ucolo: donna—donnucola; maestro—maestrucolo; poeta—poetucolo-accio: coltello—coltellaccio; libro—libraccio; voce—vociaccia; avaro—avaraccio-azzo  (a variant of -accio): amore—amorazzo; coda—codazzo-astro  (has a pejorative sense when the root is a noun, and an attenuated sense when the root is an adjective): medico—medicastro; poeta—poetastro; politico—politicastro; bianco—biancastro; dolce—dolciastro; rosso—rossastro Spelling Changes to Noun Root When creating  i nomi alterati, a few nouns undergo a spelling change to the root when modified. For example: uomo—omonecane—cagnone Sex Changes to Noun Root In some instances the root noun changes gender when creating  i nomi alterati. For example: barca (feminine noun)—un barcone (masculine noun): a large boatdonna (feminine noun)—un donnone (masculine noun): a big (large) womanfebbre (feminine noun)—un febbrone (masculine noun): very high feversala (feminine noun)—un salone (masculine noun): a large room Alterati Falsi Certain nouns that appear to be  nomi alterati  are actually nouns in and off themselves. For example, the following forms are  falsi alterati  (false altered nouns): tacchino  (not the diminutive of  tacco)bottone  (not the augmentative of  botto)mattone  (not the augmentative of  matto)focaccia  (not the pejorative of  foca)occhiello  (not the diminutive of  occhio)burrone  (not the augmentative of  burro)colletto  (not the diminutive of  collo)collina  (not the diminutive of  colla)limone  (not the augmentative of  lima)cerotto  (not the augmentative of  cero) In addition, be aware when creating  nomi alterati  that not all nouns can be combined with all suffixes. Either the term sounds off-key to the ear (Italian is a musical language, after all), or the resulting word is linguistically awkward. In general, the repetition of the same sound element in both the root and suffix should be avoided:  tetto  can be modified into  tettino  or  tettuccio, but not  tettetto;  contadino  can be modified into  contadinello  or  contadinetto, but not  contadinino. Its best to use only forms you have observed in print or heard used by native speakers. When in doubt, consult a dictionary. On the other hand, if you want to stretch your creative language skills, try coining a  neologismo  (neologism). Matching nouns with previously unused modifying suffixes is one way that new words are formed. After all, youd get a big laugh from native Italians if, after eating an unappetizing pizza, you were to declare, Che  pizzaccia!.

Assignment on Diversity - 983 Words

Management of Diversity Developing amp; Implementing Equality amp; Diversity Policy at Service Co Submitted by: Mesam Tamar Submitted to: Suhail Razi Daud 2012 Mesam STEP 2/3/2012 Executive Summary I have employed as Employee Relations (ER) executive at Service Co. The organization went through an intense experience of change management during the past few years, when diversity issues were made a part of Service Co’s formal policy agenda. Two days back, Head of Employee Relations (ER) department who is my line manager as well has sent me a case study, giving a detailed insight into the Diversity Management (DM) policy being practiced at Service Co. She wants me to study this in detail and compile a report, giving a†¦show more content†¦* To complement Service Co’s core values of openness, collaboration and mutual dependency. Policy itself telling that it is a ‘soft’ model of HRM. Task2 Can Service Co’s approach towards equality and diversity be characterized as strategic? Give logical arguments to support your analysis. Yes! Service Co’s equality and diversity policy is strategic. Strategy is something about planning and they are planning a policy for their workforce. If Service Co implements this diversity policy in its workforce it will give many long term benefits to the organization which can be: * This policy will strengthen cultural values with in the organization. * It will enhance corporate reputation * This policy will save from discrimination * If this policy is implemented properly it will improve workforce quality and performance in terms of diverse skills, creativity, problem solving and flexibility. * This policy will enhance employee relationship and reduces the cost of the labour. * This will enhance customer relations and increase market share. * Policy will enhance relations with suppliers that will reduce the costs and will save the time. * This will also improve motivation and efficiency of existing staff. Task3 Discuss the role of line managers and other stakeholders in Service Co’s equality and diversity policy. Stakeholders in ServiceShow MoreRelatedDiversity Assignment : Washburn Diversity902 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Assignment Washburn values diversity as it serves to make the world more interesting and creates a well-rounded learning environment that promotes intellectual curiosity. I feel that the most important aspect of the Washburn diversity statement is creating that well-rounded learning atmosphere. It encourages students to form their own opinions about the world and not simply listen to what anyone tells them. In regards to the Washburn diversity statement, I would say that I definitely supportRead MoreDiversity Interview Assignment2529 Words   |  11 PagesDiversity Interview Assignment SW 3410 Human Behavior and the Social Environment Steven D. Sledge Madonna University Abstract The people in the world that we live in are extremely diverse, in terms of the nationalities, religions, gender classifications and physical abilities. Social workers must have a clear understanding of the consequences of diversity and difference and the mechanisms of oppression and discrimination as they relate to human development. The range of different ethnic and culturalRead MoreDifference and Diversity Assignment4625 Words   |  19 PagesDifference and Diversity Assessment Criteria 1.1 - Using examples, evaluate the relevance of the following in the counselling process:- stereotyping, language issues, different belief systems, family structures, family life experiences. All of the above issues will have an impact on the counselling process. Both the client and counsellor are individuals and bring with them often vastly different experiences, backgrounds and values. It is interesting to look at these factors and examine howRead MoreEducation and Diversity Issues Assignment Essays690 Words   |  3 PagesDiversity Issues Assignment Jessica Friedermann University of Phoenix Equity, Diversity, and Access in Education ADMIN 570 Dr. Jennifer T. Butcher August 12, 2013 Diversity Issues Assignment The three most pressing diversity issues in an educational setting or schools today are the race/ethnic background of a child affecting his or her education opportunities, professional development opportunity to train teachers on diversity, and allowing access to rich and rigorous curriculum and contentRead MoreDiversity Role Written Assignment : Living With Hiv1260 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity Role Written Assignment Living with HIV Texas State University COMM1310: Fundamentals of Human Communication Bryanda Amillano Living with HIV When you take a look at me, I look exactly like any healthy person. My name is Mayra Smith and I am HIV positive. HIV was discovered in 1983 and was linked to AIDS in 1984 (Blattner et. al. 1988). HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus that destroys the immune system. HIV can also invade the central nervous system causing severe neurologicalRead MoreEquality and Diversity Unit 1 Assignment Essay4052 Words   |  17 PagesNCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 1: Exploring Equality and Diversity Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via yourRead MoreCritical Thinking Group Assignment : Diversity Within Our Group2623 Words   |  11 PagesThinking Group Assignment: Diversity Within Our Group Tracy Williams, Jessica Parrett, Katharine Shaw, Rasheye’ Cobb, and Alexandria Martin Wright State University â€Æ' Knowing about the diversity within different communities is very helpful when studying human behavior on the macro level. It is of great importance to understand this diversity, in order to enable sound policy development and implementation. No matter how similar a group of people may seem, there is always diversity within them,Read MoreAssignment 1 – Understanding Development and Supporting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion9386 Words   |  38 PagesNCFE LEVEL 3 SUPPORTING TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SCHOOLS Please  save  the Learners Declaration to your PC, add your details, and upload with your completed assessments. Assignment 1 – Understanding development and supporting equality, diversity and inclusion. QUESTION 1 a. Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years The main areas of development include: physical development, social and emotional development, intellectual development and languageRead MoreDiversity Role Written Assignment : A Day At My Life. Texas State University1385 Words   |  6 Pages Diversity Role Written Assignment A Day in My Life Texas State University COMM 1310: Fundamentals of Human Communication Kristal Jackson â€Æ' My name is Brenda Johnson, and I am an obese American woman. I usually can guess that when people see me, they are already assuming differences in my life compared to theirs. In some ways they are right, but also in many they are wrong. Today, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults are overweight or obese (Ogden at al., 2014). Of those two-third adultsRead MoreUnit 204: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children and Young People Assignment 1816 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 204: Equality, diversity and inclusion in work with children and young people Assignment 1 Within a school, equality, diversity and inclusion is very important. It is their duty to make sure all children have equal access to the curriculum. Whether they are a different race, culture, gender or have a special need or disability, it is important that they are supported and have a right to participate and be treated equal; this is known as inclusion. As part of this it is important that schools

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students

Civil Rights Movement Essay Civil Rights Movement Essay: 1890-1900 1890: The state of Mississippi adopts poll taxes and literacy tests to discourage black voters. 1895: Booker T. Washington delivers his Atlanta Exposition speech, which accepts segregation of the races. 1896: The Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson the separate but equal treatment of the races is constitutional. 1900-1910 1900-1915: Over one thousand blacks are lynched in the states of the former Confederacy. 1905: The Niagara Movement is founded by W.E.B. du Bois and other black leaders to urge more direct action to achieve black civil rights. 1910-1920 1910: National Urban League is founded to help the conditions of urban African Americans. 1920-1930 1925: Black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey is convicted of mail fraud. 1928: For the first time in the 20th century an African American is elected to Congress. 1930-1940 1931: Farrad Muhammad establishes in Detroit what will become the Black Muslim Movement. 1933: The NAACP files -and loses- its firs suit against segregation and discrimination in education. 1938: The Supreme Court orders the admission of a black applicant to the University of Missouri Law School 1941: A. Philip Randoph threatens a massive march on Washington unless the Roosevelt administration takes measures to ensure black employment in defense industries; Roosevelt agrees to establish Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC). 1942: The congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is organized in Chicago. 1943: Race riots in Detroit and Harlem cause black leaders to ask their followers to be less demanding in asserting their commitment to civil rights; A. Philip Randolph breaks ranks to call for civil disobedience against Jim Crow schools and railroads. 1946: The Supreme Court, in Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia, rules that state laws requiring racial segregation on buses violates the Constitution when applied to interstate passengers. 1947: Jackie Robinson breaks the color line in major league baseball. 1947: To Secure These Rights, the report by the Presidents Committee on Civil Rights, is released; the commission, appointed by President Harry S. Truman, recommends government action to secure civil rights for all Americans. 1948: President Harry S. Truman issues an executive order desegregating the armed services. 1950-1960 1950: The NAACP decides to make its legal strategy a full-scale attack on educational segregation. 1954: First White Citizens Council meeting is held in Mississippi. 1954: School year begins with the integration of 150 formerly segregated school districts in eight states; many other school districts remain segregated. 1955: The Interstate Commerce Commission bans racial segregation in all facilities and vehicles engaged in interstate transportation. 1955: Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person; the action triggers a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, let by Martin Luther King Jr. 1956: The home of Martin Luther King Jr. is bombed. 1956: The Montgomery bus boycott ends after the city receives U. S. Supreme Court order to desegregate city buses. 1957: Martin Luther King Jr. and a number of southern black clergymen create the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). 1958: Ten thousand students hold a Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C. 1959: Sit-in campaigns by college students desegregate eating facilities in St. Louis, Chicago, and Bloomington, Indiana; the Tennessee Christian Leadership Conference holds brief sit-ins in Nashville department stores. 1960-1970 1960: Twenty-five hundred students and community members in Nashville, Tennessee, stage a march on city hallthe first major demonstration of the civil rights movementfollowing the bombing of the home of a black lawyer. 1960: John F. Kennedy is elected president by a narrow margin. 1961: Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy hold a secret meeting at which King learns that the new president will not push hard for new civil rights legislation. 1962: Ku Klux Klan dynamite blasts destroy four black churches in Georgia towns. 1962: President Kennedy federalizes the National Guard and sends several hundred federal marshals to Mississippi to guarantee James Merediths admission to the University of Mississippi Law School over the opposition of Governor Ross Barnett and other whites; two people are killed in a campus riot. 1963: Black students Vivian Malone and James Hood enter the University of Alabama despite a demonstration of resistance by Governor George Wallace; in a nationally televised speech President John F. Kennedy calls segregation morally wrong. Kangaroos Essay industrial slavery, and lawful and civil inferiority, then as a people Blacks of that time should protest even if it meant disagreeing with Washington and going against the grain of .