Thursday, August 27, 2020

Analyzing Black Historical Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dissecting Black Historical Sites - Essay Example The result of the finish of subjugation raised the requirement for different changes. Racial segregations despite everything went on in the US, and minor instances of servitude were as yet common. The African American culture held talks and rallies to enable one another and battle for their privileges. The cove zone in California was where radical changes inside the African American culture that reformed the battle against prejudice. The liberating of detainees through the underground railways was predominant in the cove zone. Monetary improvement among the African American flourished in the straight zone prompting the foundation of homes by the two people. Maybe the most persuasive lady of this time was Mary Ellen Pleasant who raked a complete whole of US $30,000,000 in the securities exchange that she utilized in the battle for equity. She has been initiated â€Å"the mother of human and social equality in California†. Her commitment to dark history stays exceptional as she had a monstrous measure of riches that she didn't stop for a second to add to the battle for equity. The Mary Ellen Pleasant Memorial at 1661 Octavia, San Francisco, California, was arrangement in memory of her devotion to the freedom of the individuals of color in California. Her ceaseless exertion to help the African American culture has positioned among the straightforward ladies of her period of servitude, isolation and infringement of various common and human privileges of African Americans. Mary Ellen Pleasant Memorial Park and its Background The Mary Ellen Memorial Park is the littlest park inside San Francisco safeguarded to pay tribute to the abolitionist Mary Ellen Pleasant and her work in the period. The recreation center is enhanced with six monstrous eucalyptus blue gum trees that run down along Octavia Street. The six trees the main enduring ones out of the 20 that Ms. Lovely herself had planted along the road. The City of San Francisco landmarked these trees to shield them from human impedance. This road was once loaded up with the property of Mary Ellen Pleasant along its full length from Bush to Sutter. Her home once involved this road, flaunting 30 rooms and an amusement road for a few people some time ago. It was well known for cards, alcohol and lovely ladies. To other people, this lodging gave occupations to the African Americans. Be that as it may, this house torched in 1925, and in its place Green Eye’s emergency clinic constructed the Healing Arts Building1. A plaque decorates the front of her previous 30-room home in her respect at the crossing point of Bush and Octavia Streets. The plate molded plaque inside the southwest corner of this convergence has a concise history of life and works of Mary Ellen Pleasant composed on its concrete structure2. The recreation center stays a recorded site for African Americans as it represents the valuation for crafted by Mary Ellen Pleasant, whose charity prompted the adequacy of the dark bat tle in the liberating of slaves and the Civil War. Mary Ellen Pleasant was conceived at around 1814 as a slave in the East Coast, yet she fled by vessel in 1852 to San Francisco to build up herself in the inlet territory. She lawfully recognized herself as white in the general public to abstain from being bound to servitude again and to enable herself monetarily. The Fugitive Slave Act would have prompted her recover in California so she built up another personality with opportunity papers, Mrs. Ellen Smith. She blended in with the top harvest of the general public

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Psychopathy And Borderline Personality Disorder Essay

  INTRODUCTION Character issue establish a significant gathering in the arrangement of mental issue. As per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth version, content modification (DSM-IV-TR),1 these conditions are characterized by maladaptive character attributes starting right off the bat in life that have predictable and genuine consequences for working. Marginal character issue (BPD) is every now and again observed in clinical practice.2 Characterized by passionate disturbance and incessant suicidality (self destruction ideation and endeavors), this sort of character issue presents probably the most troublesome and alarming issues in all of psychiatry.â most of patients with BPD are seen in mental facilities or in essential consideration. The keys to fruitful administration incorporate creation a precise determination, keeping up a steady relationship with the patient and setting up restricted objectives. Despite the fact that BPD may endure for quite a long time, it doesn't keep going forever, and one can be sensibly hopeful that most patients will recuperate with time.  â â â â â â â â â â Psychotherapy can help accelerate the recuperation from BPD. The best types of treatment have been created by clinicians, and in this manner when making a referral, doctors ought to consider a patient’s capacity to pay for such therapy.â More examination into the reasons for BPD is required, the consequences of which may assist with creating proof based ways to deal with treatment that are viable and explicitly intended for this difficult issue.  THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER  Epidemiologic investigations of character issue are at a beginning time of advancement. Network studies of grown-ups have demonstrated that the predominance of BPD is near 1% (like that of schizophrenia).3,4 About 80% of patients accepting treatment for BPD are women,2 however sex contrasts are less striking in network samples.4 As is the situation for character issue by and large, BPD is related with lower social class and lower levels of education.3,4  THE ETIOLOGY OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER We are just starting to comprehend the reasons for BPD. Likewise with most mental issue, no single factor clarifies its turn of events, and different elements (organic, mental and social) all play a role.â The natural factors in character issue comprise of volatile (intrinsic or heritable) attributes that present in adulthood as steady character qualities: examples of thought, influence and conduct that portray people and are steady over time.5 Heritable variables represent about portion of the changeability in for all intents and purposes all characteristics that have been studied.6 In particular, both full of feeling instability6 and impulsivity7 have a heritable segment of this greatness, and studies including twins have exhibited that BPD itself shows a comparative hereditary influence.8 Also, family ancestry considers have discovered that hasty issue, for example, solitary character and substance misuse are especially normal among firstdegree family members of patients with BPD.9 Studies of focal synapse action have indicated that incautious qualities, a significant segment of BPD, are related with deficiencies in focal serotonergic functioning.10,11 However, the organic connects of emotional insecurity are obscure, and no markers explicit to the general issue have been identified.10 The mental factors in BPD can be striking however are not reliable. BPD first presents clinically in youth, at a mean age of 18 years.12 Although numerous patients depict afflictions, for example, family brokenness just as mind-set and rash side effects that return to adolescence, longitudinal information are expected to decide the exact impact of early hazard factors. 13 Reports of a high recurrence of awful accidents during adolescence in this populace need to consider network examines, which show broad versatility following injury, especially for less extreme adversities.13 The most cautious investigations have indicated that a fourth of patients with BPD portray sexual maltreatment from a caretaker14 and that about a third report serious types of abuse.15 However, in spite of the fact that youngster misuse is plainly a hazard factor, it isn't explicit to BPD.13 when all is said in done, unfavorable life occasions are not reliably pathogenic without anyone else in any case, rather, produce sequelae in helpless populations.16 Social factors in BPD are proposed by backhanded evidence.â Thus far, there have been no culturally diverse investigations of BPD, albeit trademark side effects, for example, intermittent self destruction endeavors are less regular in customary social orders, in which there is little change starting with one age then onto the next, however are on the expansion in present day social orders and in social orders experiencing fast change.17  DIAGNOSIS AND SYMPTOMS OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER The term â€Å"borderline† is a misnomer, in light of an old hypothesis that this type of pathology lies on a fringe among psychosis and mental issues. All things considered, BPD is an unpredictable disorder whose  central highlights are insecurity of state of mind, motivation control and relational relationships.2 Box 1 presents the DSM-IV-TR1 rules, rearranged corresponding to these essential measurements, just as intellectual symptoms.â Since the DSM-IV-TR requires just 5 of 9 rules to be available, making a determination on this premise prompts heterogeneity; progressively exact research definitions have been built up that require high scores for every one of the 3 dimensions.18 The full of feeling indications in BPD include fast disposition shifts, in which enthusiastic states will in general last just a couple of hours.19 When full of feeling flimsiness is observed with normalized instruments,20 feelings are seen as serious yet responsive to outside conditions, with a solid propensity toward furious upheavals. Levels of full of feeling precariousness are generally prescient of self destruction attempts.21 Impulsive side effects incorporate a wide scope of practices and are integral to diagnosis.22 The blend of emotional unsteadiness with impulsivity in BPD23 helps represent a clinical introduction set apart by ceaseless suicidality and by flimsiness of relational relationships.23 Finally, psychological side effects are additionally visit. In one case series,24 about 40% of 50 patients with BPD had semi crazy considerations. In another series,25 27% of 92 patients experienced crazy episodes.â In a third series,26 maniacal side effects were found to antici pate self-hurt in patients with character issue. BPD is regular practically speaking. An ongoing report including patients in a crisis division who had endeavored self destruction demonstrated that 41% of those with a past filled with various self destruction endeavors met the standards for BPD this disorder.27â However, numerous cases are additionally found in essential consideration settings.â Data from a review led in a US urban essential consideration practice showed that BPD was available in 6.4% of an example of 218 patients.28â Because of the wide scope of side effects seen in BPD that are likewise run of the mill of different issue (Table 1, for example, state of mind and tension issue, substance misuse and eating disorders,29 patients might be felt to have one of these conditions while their BPD goes undetected. The most widely recognized confusion related with BPD is melancholy, however in BPD, side effects are normally connected with state of mind flimsiness instead of with the all-encompassing and consistent times of lower temperament found in exemplary mind-set disorders.19 Additionally, in view of trademark mind-set swings, BPD is regularly confused with bipolar disorder.30 However, patients with BPD don't show consistently raised disposition yet rather display an example of quick moves in influence identified with ecological occasions, with â€Å"high† periods that keep going for a considerable length of time as opposed to for quite a long time or weeks.30 BPD might be confused with schizophrenia; in any case, rather than long haul crazy indications, patients with BPD experience â€Å"micropsychotic† wonders of brief term (enduring hours or probably a couple of days), sound-related mental trips without loss of understanding (patients with schizophrenia don't perceive that a visualization is fanciful, though patients with BPD do), jumpy patterns and depersonalization states in which patients experience themselves or their condition as unreal.â 24 Finally, patients with BPD are at expanded danger of substance misuse, which structures som e portion of the clinical image of across the board impulsivity.2 To analyze BPD by and by, clinicians should initially set up whether a patient has the general attributes of a character issue portrayed in the DSM-IV-TR;1 that is, long haul issues influencing discernment, state of mind, relational working and drive control that start right off the bat throughout everyday life and are related with maladaptive character qualities, for example, neuroticism (being effectively inclined to uneasiness or wretchedness, or both) or impulsivity. Character issue can frequently account better for the variety and chronicity of indications than can elective findings, for example, mind-set or tension issue. The subsequent stage is a character appraisal, which requires a decent history. In spite of the fact that professionals will have the option to get required data from most patients during a normal visit, they may likewise, with the patient’s assent, wish to address relatives or friends.â The last advance is to decide the class that best fits the clinical picture. To analyze BPD, clinicians  need to build up that examples of full of feeling shakiness, impulsivity and precarious connections have been reliable after some time.  THE COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISODERs Overseeing patients with BPD can be troublesome for clinicians since they may need to manage rehashed self destruction dangers and endeavors over years. Additionally, patients with BPD don't effortlessly regard limits and may turn out to be excessively appended to their therapists.31 When experts neglect to analyze BPD, they might be in danger of turning out to be overinvolved with patients who endure incredibly yet can be specifically speaking to the ph

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Real World Spiel

The Real World Spiel Hey everyone, Midsummer Nights Dream opera was a beautiful set and I enjoyed it! As I  mentioned last time, Im not  a huge fan of operas, but I did appreciate the fantastic effort in casting this Shakespearean romantic comedy.  Its incredible to see what students can do to prepare for a production, whether thats memorizing lines in opera form, designing the forest set, or performing in an orchestra  succinctly. Definitely add watching a  Krannert show to your things  to  do before I graduate bucket list once youre here at Illinois! Anyhoo, midterms are approaching and the pressure for seniors to begin the job hunt has begun.  It makes me cringe when I hear my friends or peers or even parents mention that once we  join the real world, life will be  different. While in college, youll meet all sorts of people pulling off the adult life, or adulting. Some of your friends will work almost full time and attend classes as a full-time student, some will volunteer and dedicate themselves to a cause and theyll disappear from your life until the weekends, and some will need to say no to your invites to a Netflix movie night because  theyre studying ahead for a chem exam. Its safe to say students here come from all different backgrounds, and its crazy to assume youll ever understand each and every person who walks past you on  the Quad. Either way, were busy people, and just because were intrigued by  free food and free T-shirts doesnt mean we cant complain about our daily struggles. Im compelled to write this after listening to a friend mention hes embarrassed to go to counseling for job anxiety. Its strange for people to  think he must not be experiencing the real world because hes young and still going through those formative years. Some students might not like to talk about the issues bothering them, but its important to know there are tons of resources on our campus for students struggling emotionally, physically, and financially, and its important that if youre ever in a conversation with a friend  feeling blue, you tell them help is only a phone call away here. You never know what  grabbing a  coffee, taking them out for lunch, or sending them a simple text can do, too. For the most part, campus life is equated with living in a bubble where its easier to meet and make friends, and theres a level of inquisitive gestures we make as young college students, but  that doesnt have to stop once you graduate from high school or college! Its only normal you come into a space and recognize that this campus will be your canvas, and its okay to be abstract art no one understands, since youll  experience things that will impact you socially and academically. And if your professor  or older sibling or friend says youre not in the real world yet,  dont take it seriously. Youre tackling your own battles in your own way, and I think youll turn out just fine. ?? Jenny Class of 2016 I'm majoring in Creative Writing in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I'm from the north side of Chicago, an artsy neighborhood along the lakefront called Andersonville. I plan to pursue a low-residency MFA program in Fiction Writing with the hope of becoming a published author.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Italian Modifying Suffixes Nomi Alterati

Sometimes an Italian noun can be modified to express a particular quality (large, small, pretty, ugly) without using a qualifying Italian adjective. These nouns are created by taking the root of the noun and adding a suffix such as -ino, -one, -etto, or -accio. Italian nouns formed this way are called i nomi alterati (altered, or modified, nouns). Italian grammarians refer to this type of suffix modification as alterazione (alteration). There are four types of nomi alterati: diminutivi (diminutives), accrescitivi (augmentatives), vezzeggiativi (pet names or terms of endearment), and peggiorativi or dispregiativi (pejoratives or derogatory terms). Most common Italian nouns can be modified, but keep in mind that the gender and number of the suffix must agree with the noun. Using Nomi Alterati How and when are modified Italian nouns used? Unlike, for example, choosing auxiliary verbs or forming plural adjectives, Italian speakers are never required to use nomi alterati. There are no hard and fast grammar rules for when its appropriate, in conversation or print, to use them. Rather, its a personal linguistic choice—some people use them frequently, and others tend to use adjectives instead. It also depends on the audience, the setting, and on the level of rapport between the parties. In certain situations, some modified Italian nouns would be inappropriate or out of context. But using a well-chosen nome alterato, pronounced with the right inflection and tone, can communicate volumes. In one sense, its analogous to humor—timing is everything. Alterati Diminutivi (Diminutives) A diminutivo usually conveys such meanings as: small, tiny. The following are examples of suffissi alterativi (alternate endings) used to form diminutivi (diminutives): -ino: mamma—mammina; minestra—minestrina; pensiero—pensierino; ragazzo—ragazzino-(i)cino (a variant of -ino): bastone—bastoncino; libro—libric(c)ino-olino (a variant of -ino): sasso—sassolino; topo—topolino; freddo—freddolino; magro—magrolino-etto: bacio—bacetto; camera—cameretta; casa—casetta; lupo—lupetto; basso—bassetto; piccolo—piccoletto. Frequently used concurrently with other suffixes: scarpa—scarpetta—scarpettina; secco—secchetto—secchettino-ello: albero—alberello; asino—asinello; paese—paesello; rondine—rondinella; cattivo—cattivello; povero—poverello-(i)cello (a variant of -ello): campo—campicello; informazione—informazioncella-erello (a variant of -ello): fatto—fatterello; fuoco—f(u)ocherello. Frequently used concurrently with other suffixes: storia—storiellaà ¢â‚¬â€storiellina; bucco—bucherello—bucherellino-icci(u)olo: asta—asticci(u)ola; festa—festicciola; porto—porticciolo; sometimes can also have a pejorative sense: donna—donnicci(u)ola-(u)olo: faccenda—faccenduola; montagna—montagnuola; poesia—poesiola-otto: contadino—contadinotto; pieno—pienotto; giovane—giovanotto; ragazzo—ragazzotto; basso—bassotto. The ending also refers to a juvenile animal: aquila—aquilotto; lepre—leprotto; passero—passerotto-iciattolo (considered a diminutive/pejorative combination): febbre—febbriciattolo; fiume—fiumiciattolo; libro—libriciattolo; mostro—mostriciattolo Alterati Accrescitivi (Augmentatives) An accrescitivo usually conveys such meanings as: large, big, grand. It is the opposite of a diminutive. The following are examples of suffissi alterativi (alternate endings) used to form accrescitivi (augmentatives): -one: febbre—febbrona (febbrone); libro—librone; pigro—pigrone; mano—manona (manone); ghiotto—ghiottone. Frequently used concurrently with other suffixes: uomo—omaccio—omaccione; pazzo—pazzerello—pazzerellone. Sometimes the intermediate term is not used in contemporary Italian: buono—bonaccione-acchione (has an ironic connotation): frate—fratacchione; volpe—volpacchione; furbo—furbacchione; matto—mattachione Alterati Vezzeggiativi (Pet Names or Terms of Endearment) A  vezzeggiativo  usually conveys such meanings  as:  affection, sympathy, enjoyment, grace. The following are examples of  suffissi alterativi  (alternate endings) used to form  vezzeggiativi  (pet names or terms of endearment): -acchiotto  (considered a diminutive/pet name combination): lupo—lupacchiotto; orso—orsacchiotto; volpe—volpacchiotto; furbo—furbacchiotto-uccio: avvocato—avvocatuccio; casa—casuccia; cavallo—cavalluccio; caldo—calduccio; freddo—fredduccio-uzzo  (a variant of -uccio): pietra—pietruzza Paolo, a native Italian speaker from Milano, gives an  example of how  vezzeggiativi  are used: I have a friend who calls me Paoletto. This doesnt sound very much like a man, of course, but its out of affection. More realistically, my brother calls me Paolone, Big Paolo. Alterati Peggiorativi (Pejoratives) A  peggiorativo  usually conveys such meanings as: contempt, defiance, disdain, scorn (for), disregard, self-contempt, self-disgust. The following are examples of  suffissi alterativi  (alternate endings) used to form  peggiorativi  (pejoratives): -ucolo: donna—donnucola; maestro—maestrucolo; poeta—poetucolo-accio: coltello—coltellaccio; libro—libraccio; voce—vociaccia; avaro—avaraccio-azzo  (a variant of -accio): amore—amorazzo; coda—codazzo-astro  (has a pejorative sense when the root is a noun, and an attenuated sense when the root is an adjective): medico—medicastro; poeta—poetastro; politico—politicastro; bianco—biancastro; dolce—dolciastro; rosso—rossastro Spelling Changes to Noun Root When creating  i nomi alterati, a few nouns undergo a spelling change to the root when modified. For example: uomo—omonecane—cagnone Sex Changes to Noun Root In some instances the root noun changes gender when creating  i nomi alterati. For example: barca (feminine noun)—un barcone (masculine noun): a large boatdonna (feminine noun)—un donnone (masculine noun): a big (large) womanfebbre (feminine noun)—un febbrone (masculine noun): very high feversala (feminine noun)—un salone (masculine noun): a large room Alterati Falsi Certain nouns that appear to be  nomi alterati  are actually nouns in and off themselves. For example, the following forms are  falsi alterati  (false altered nouns): tacchino  (not the diminutive of  tacco)bottone  (not the augmentative of  botto)mattone  (not the augmentative of  matto)focaccia  (not the pejorative of  foca)occhiello  (not the diminutive of  occhio)burrone  (not the augmentative of  burro)colletto  (not the diminutive of  collo)collina  (not the diminutive of  colla)limone  (not the augmentative of  lima)cerotto  (not the augmentative of  cero) In addition, be aware when creating  nomi alterati  that not all nouns can be combined with all suffixes. Either the term sounds off-key to the ear (Italian is a musical language, after all), or the resulting word is linguistically awkward. In general, the repetition of the same sound element in both the root and suffix should be avoided:  tetto  can be modified into  tettino  or  tettuccio, but not  tettetto;  contadino  can be modified into  contadinello  or  contadinetto, but not  contadinino. Its best to use only forms you have observed in print or heard used by native speakers. When in doubt, consult a dictionary. On the other hand, if you want to stretch your creative language skills, try coining a  neologismo  (neologism). Matching nouns with previously unused modifying suffixes is one way that new words are formed. After all, youd get a big laugh from native Italians if, after eating an unappetizing pizza, you were to declare, Che  pizzaccia!.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Assignment on Diversity - 983 Words

Management of Diversity Developing amp; Implementing Equality amp; Diversity Policy at Service Co Submitted by: Mesam Tamar Submitted to: Suhail Razi Daud 2012 Mesam STEP 2/3/2012 Executive Summary I have employed as Employee Relations (ER) executive at Service Co. The organization went through an intense experience of change management during the past few years, when diversity issues were made a part of Service Co’s formal policy agenda. Two days back, Head of Employee Relations (ER) department who is my line manager as well has sent me a case study, giving a detailed insight into the Diversity Management (DM) policy being practiced at Service Co. She wants me to study this in detail and compile a report, giving a†¦show more content†¦* To complement Service Co’s core values of openness, collaboration and mutual dependency. Policy itself telling that it is a ‘soft’ model of HRM. Task2 Can Service Co’s approach towards equality and diversity be characterized as strategic? Give logical arguments to support your analysis. Yes! Service Co’s equality and diversity policy is strategic. Strategy is something about planning and they are planning a policy for their workforce. If Service Co implements this diversity policy in its workforce it will give many long term benefits to the organization which can be: * This policy will strengthen cultural values with in the organization. * It will enhance corporate reputation * This policy will save from discrimination * If this policy is implemented properly it will improve workforce quality and performance in terms of diverse skills, creativity, problem solving and flexibility. * This policy will enhance employee relationship and reduces the cost of the labour. * This will enhance customer relations and increase market share. * Policy will enhance relations with suppliers that will reduce the costs and will save the time. * This will also improve motivation and efficiency of existing staff. Task3 Discuss the role of line managers and other stakeholders in Service Co’s equality and diversity policy. Stakeholders in ServiceShow MoreRelatedDiversity Assignment : Washburn Diversity902 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Assignment Washburn values diversity as it serves to make the world more interesting and creates a well-rounded learning environment that promotes intellectual curiosity. I feel that the most important aspect of the Washburn diversity statement is creating that well-rounded learning atmosphere. It encourages students to form their own opinions about the world and not simply listen to what anyone tells them. In regards to the Washburn diversity statement, I would say that I definitely supportRead MoreDiversity Interview Assignment2529 Words   |  11 PagesDiversity Interview Assignment SW 3410 Human Behavior and the Social Environment Steven D. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students

Civil Rights Movement Essay Civil Rights Movement Essay: 1890-1900 1890: The state of Mississippi adopts poll taxes and literacy tests to discourage black voters. 1895: Booker T. Washington delivers his Atlanta Exposition speech, which accepts segregation of the races. 1896: The Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson the separate but equal treatment of the races is constitutional. 1900-1910 1900-1915: Over one thousand blacks are lynched in the states of the former Confederacy. 1905: The Niagara Movement is founded by W.E.B. du Bois and other black leaders to urge more direct action to achieve black civil rights. 1910-1920 1910: National Urban League is founded to help the conditions of urban African Americans. 1920-1930 1925: Black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey is convicted of mail fraud. 1928: For the first time in the 20th century an African American is elected to Congress. 1930-1940 1931: Farrad Muhammad establishes in Detroit what will become the Black Muslim Movement. 1933: The NAACP files -and loses- its firs suit against segregation and discrimination in education. 1938: The Supreme Court orders the admission of a black applicant to the University of Missouri Law School 1941: A. Philip Randoph threatens a massive march on Washington unless the Roosevelt administration takes measures to ensure black employment in defense industries; Roosevelt agrees to establish Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC). 1942: The congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is organized in Chicago. 1943: Race riots in Detroit and Harlem cause black leaders to ask their followers to be less demanding in asserting their commitment to civil rights; A. Philip Randolph breaks ranks to call for civil disobedience against Jim Crow schools and railroads. 1946: The Supreme Court, in Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia, rules that state laws requiring racial segregation on buses violates the Constitution when applied to interstate passengers. 1947: Jackie Robinson breaks the color line in major league baseball. 1947: To Secure These Rights, the report by the Presidents Committee on Civil Rights, is released; the commission, appointed by President Harry S. Truman, recommends government action to secure civil rights for all Americans. 1948: President Harry S. Truman issues an executive order desegregating the armed services. 1950-1960 1950: The NAACP decides to make its legal strategy a full-scale attack on educational segregation. 1954: First White Citizens Council meeting is held in Mississippi. 1954: School year begins with the integration of 150 formerly segregated school districts in eight states; many other school districts remain segregated. 1955: The Interstate Commerce Commission bans racial segregation in all facilities and vehicles engaged in interstate transportation. 1955: Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person; the action triggers a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, let by Martin Luther King Jr. 1956: The home of Martin Luther King Jr. is bombed. 1956: The Montgomery bus boycott ends after the city receives U. S. Supreme Court order to desegregate city buses. 1957: Martin Luther King Jr. and a number of southern black clergymen create the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). 1958: Ten thousand students hold a Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C. 1959: Sit-in campaigns by college students desegregate eating facilities in St. Louis, Chicago, and Bloomington, Indiana; the Tennessee Christian Leadership Conference holds brief sit-ins in Nashville department stores. 1960-1970 1960: Twenty-five hundred students and community members in Nashville, Tennessee, stage a march on city hallthe first major demonstration of the civil rights movementfollowing the bombing of the home of a black lawyer. 1960: John F. Kennedy is elected president by a narrow margin. 1961: Martin Luther King Jr. and President John F. Kennedy hold a secret meeting at which King learns that the new president will not push hard for new civil rights legislation. 1962: Ku Klux Klan dynamite blasts destroy four black churches in Georgia towns. 1962: President Kennedy federalizes the National Guard and sends several hundred federal marshals to Mississippi to guarantee James Merediths admission to the University of Mississippi Law School over the opposition of Governor Ross Barnett and other whites; two people are killed in a campus riot. 1963: Black students Vivian Malone and James Hood enter the University of Alabama despite a demonstration of resistance by Governor George Wallace; in a nationally televised speech President John F. Kennedy calls segregation morally wrong. Kangaroos Essay industrial slavery, and lawful and civil inferiority, then as a people Blacks of that time should protest even if it meant disagreeing with Washington and going against the grain of .